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Chapter 11: Reported Speech

间接引语

Learn how to report what someone said.

学习如何报告某人说的话。

解释 Explanation

Reported speech (indirect speech) reports what someone said without quoting their exact words.

Direct vs Reported Speech:

  • Direct: "I am happy," she said.
  • Reported: She said (that) she was happy.
  • Tense Changes (Backshift):

  • Simple Present → Simple Past
  • Present Continuous → Past Continuous
  • Simple Past → Past Perfect
  • Present Perfect → Past Perfect
  • Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
  • will → would
  • can → could
  • may → might
  • Time Expression Changes:

  • now → then
  • today → that day
  • yesterday �� the day before
  • tomorrow → the next day
  • here → there
  • this → that
  • Reporting Verbs:

  • Said/told: She said (that) she was busy.
  • Asked: He asked if I was coming.
  • Suggested: They suggested that we go.
  • Insisted: We insisted that he stay.
  • Questions in Reported Speech:

  • Yes/No questions: He asked if I was coming.
  • Wh- questions: She asked what my name was.
  • 中文翻译

    间接引语(reported speech)是指不直接引用某人说话的原话,而是转述他们所说的话。直接引语与间接引语的区别:

    - 直接引语:“我很高兴”,她说。

    - 间接引语:她说(那)她很高兴。

    时态变化(后移):

    - 现在简单时态变为过去简单时态

    - 现在进行时态变为过去进行时态

    - 过去简单时态变为过去完成时态

    - 现在完成时态变为过去完成时态

    - 过去进行时态变为过去完成进行时态

    - 将要(will)变为将会(would)

    - 能够(can)变为能够(could)

    - 可能(may)变为可能(might)

    时间表达变化:

    - 现在(now)变为那时(then)

    - 今天(today)变为那天(that day)

    - 昨天(yesterday)变为前天(the day before)

    - 明天(tomorrow)变为次日(the next day)

    - 这里(here)变为那里(there)

    - 这(this)变为那(that)

    引语动词:

    - 说(said)/ 告诉(told):她说(那)她很忙。

    - 问(asked):他问我是否要来。

    - 建议(suggested):他们建议我们去。

    - 坚持(insisted):我们坚持他留下。

    间接引语中的疑问:

    - 是/否疑问:他问我是否要来。

    - 疑问词疑问:她问我的名字是什么。

    关键话题 Key Topics

    Direct vs reported(直接语态与间接语态)Tense backshift(时态后移)Time changes(时间变换)Reporting verbs(报告动词)Reported questions(被报道的问题)

    练习题目 Practice Items

    Example Direct: "I am happy." → Reported: She said she was happy.
    直接引语:“我很幸福。” 间接引语:她说她很幸福。
    Example now → then, yesterday → the day before
    从现在到过去,从昨天到前天
    Rule Move tense back one step
    将时态向后移动一格
    Example Reporting verbs: said, asked, suggested, insisted
    报告动词:说,问,建议,坚持

    练习 Exercises

    1. Reported: "I am tired," she said.

    2. Change "now" in reported speech:

    3. Complete: He said he _____ (come) tomorrow.

    4. Reported: "Are you coming?" she asked.

    5. Complete: She asked what _____.